Crico Medical Malpractice High Risk Case Studies

In any complex medical system, malpractice cases can arise from failures in the referral process. Typically these are situations in ambulatory care where the doctor recommends that a patient see a specialist, but it either doesn't happen or nobody acts on the result. A new tool from The Institute for Healthcare Improvement and CRICO helps guide doctors and practices to prevent these referral errors and the harm from resulting diagnostic failures.

When a speech and swallowing evaluation showed the patient to be at risk for aspiration, the resident documented a plan that the patient be given nothing by mouth. But the NPO order was not entered into the system, a technician attempted to feed him, and he aspirated. This was not communicated to the attending. After transfer to the ICU, he succumbed to additional morbidities, including aspiration pneumonia.

A 26-year-old male presented to the emergency department with burning chest pain. After two more visits within four days for the same complaint, he died at home from acute coronary thrombosis. Did the clinicians' frustration with the course of his condition lead them to blame the patient rather than reconsider their diagnosis?

A father called his son's pediatrician's office on a winter week-end night and told the nurse practitioner that his nine-year-old had not felt well for three days. The nurse fixated on flu symptoms and told the father to push ginger ale. When the father checked on the boy 12 hours after the call, he had died from diabetic ketoacidosis and his diabetes mellitus was undiagnosed until autopsy.

The patient had a history of suicidality when her psychiatrist referred her to a sleep specialist. Three weeks after the second doctor increased her oxycodone dose to treat restless leg syndrome, the patient used the drug to kill herself.

In this case, an 8-year-old girl experienced a tenfold dosing error of clotting factor, requiring admission and observation due to increased risk of stroke. It could be said that the culture at this hospital both contributed to the error, and contributed to a good response by staff.

An 8-year old girl was treated over three years for a condition she never had. Multiple providers missed a test result that showed she had celiac disease, so it went untreated and she suffered. The resulting lawsuit resulted in a settlement against two of her doctors. This case study not only reviews the facts, but it also features suggestions from an expert reviewer on how to prevent similar mistakes managing test results.

A presumptive diagnosis during an office visit kept the doctor from broadening the differential to include a much more serious condition. Commentator Carla Ford, MD says, “These are the kinds of situations that our primary care providers and urgent care providers are faced with all the time.”

In this case, we see issues that can arise in care that takes place across multiple institutions and providers, especially when the patient is self-referring. This patient was left with seriously-impaired kidney function, and he alleged a delay in diagnosis. Joining us is Dr. Carla Ford, who reviews medical malpractice claims for CRICO.

This review of a closed malpractice claim shows the risks when communication before, during, and after a surgical complication goes awry.

After a referral visit to a pulmonologist to follow up on a worrisome CT, none of the three parties—the PCP, the patient, and the pulmonologist—ever addressed the issue of the lung nodule again. The patient saw her primary care doctor several times for check-ups and minor issues over the next several years. The patient never returned to see the pulmonologist, and was not explicitly told by either doctor that she might have cancer. Four years after her visit with the pulmonologist, the patient became symptomatic from lung disease and was found to have inoperable cancer, metastatic to cervical spine. She died within months of her diagnosis.

During an initial physical for a new 38-year-old female patient, the PCP noted a normal breast exam, and recommendations for a screening mammogram and colonoscopy due to family history of colon cancer. A mammogram was never done, although the patient returned to this physician practice a dozen times over the next several years for episodic care. Then she presented with a a self-identified lump, followed by a cancer diagnosis. Dr. Carla Ford discusses the patient safety and risk management implications.

Despite multiple visits to her PCP, a 30-year-old woman without a spleen was never given prophylactic antibiotics or told the risks of a high fever. A mishandled telephone triage delayed her trip to the ER, and the resulting pneumococcal sepsis led to permanent disabilities and a $1 million-plus settlement.

Even though the patient identified a lump on her breast, it took more than a year to diagnose cancer. Family history-taking and proper imaging were lacking. CRICO interviews one of the authors of a Harvard breast care management algorithm, Michelle Specht, MD, to consider how following such a guideline could have helped the gynecologist and radiologist—and ultimately the patient.

As in many missed MI cases, the primary care physician did not order an EKG. Thomas Sequist, MD, of Atrius Health, describes where some of these cases typically go wrong, and how using a Framingham Risk Score can help with the evaluation process in the office practice.

Fetal heart rate tracings indicated earlier intervention after prolonged induction of labor. The obstetrician and nurse midwife were faulted for not working more closely together.

Medication error in the ER was preventable. Culture and communication problems compounded an error that required several surgeries and amputation.

Dr. Gordon Schiff discusses how to prevent a patient's heart attack, this practice would have needed better systems to monitor and identify chronic risk factors.

Nation's “first malpractice crisis” resulted in 1821, after a horse fell on a man and the surgeon waited a month to visit his patient to see if his attempted hip reduction worked.

Lack of collaboration and poor documentation among the factors in large settlement with severely compromised infant.